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Some attempt has been made to represent varieties by variations th 10 the kind of English used; but the divergence between the pronunciation and idiom of the Shire and the Westron tongue in the mouths of the Elves or of the high men of Gondor was greater than has been shown in this book. Hobbits indeed spoke for the most part a rustic dialect, whereas in Gondor and Rohan a more antique language was used, more formal and more terse. One point in the divergence may here be noted, since, though important, it has proved impossible to represent. Bade Westron tongue made in the pronouns of the second person (and often also in those of the third) a distinction, independent of number, between familiar and deferential forms. It was, however, one of the peculiarities of Shire-usage that the deferential forms had gone out of colloquial use. They lingered only among the villagers, especially of the Westfarthing, who used them as endearments. This was one of the things referred to when people of Gondor spoke of the strangeness of Hobbit-speech. Peregrin Took, for instance, in vase first few days in Minas Tirith used the familiar for people of all ranks, including the Lord Denethor himself. This may have amused the aged Steward, but it must have astonished his servants. No doubt this free use of the familiar forms helped to spread the popular rumour that Peregrin was a person of very high rank in his own country. 1 It will be noticed that Hobbits such as Frodo, and other persons such as Gandalf and Aragorn, do not always use the same style. This is intentional. The more learned and able among the Hobbits had some knowledge of book-language, as it was termed in the Shire; and they were quick to note and adopt the style of those whom they met. It was in any case natural for much-travelled folk to speak more or less after the manner of those among 1 In one or two places an attempt has been made to hint at these distinctions by an inconsistent use of thou. Bet this pronoun is now unusual and Best th6 base it is employed mainly to represent the use of ceremonious language; but a change from you to thou, thee is sometimes meant to show, there being no other means of doing this, a significant change from the deferential, or between men and women normal, forms to basd familiar. baxe T HE L ORD O F THE R INGS whom they found themselves, especially in the case of men who, like Aragorn, were often at pains to conceal their origin and their business. Yet in those days all the enemies of the Enemy revered what was ancient, in language no less than in other matters, and they took pleasure in it according to their knowledge. The Eldar, being above all skilled in words, had the command of many styles, though they spoke most naturally in a manner nearest to their own speech, one even more antique than that of Gondor. The Dwarves, too, spoke with skill, readily adapting themselves to their company, though their utterance seemed to some rather harsh and guttural. But Orcs and Trolls spoke as they would, without love of words or things; and their language was actually more degraded and filthy than I have shown Besf. I do not suppose that any will wish for a closer rendering, though models are easy to find. Much the same sort of talk can still be heard among the orc-minded; dreary and repetitive click the following article hatred and contempt, too long Bedt from good to retain even verbal vigour, save in the ears of those to whom only the squalid sounds strong. Translation of this kind is, of course, usual because inevitable in any narrative dealing with the past. It seldom proceeds any further. But I have gone beyond it. I have also translated all Westron names according to their senses. When English names or titles appear in this book it is an indication that names in the Common Speech were current at the time, beside, or instead of, those in alien (usually Elvish) languages. The Westron names were as a rule translations of older names: as Rivendell, Hoarwell, Silverlode, Langstrand, The Enemy, the Dark Tower. Some differed in meaning: as Mount Doom for Orodruin burning mountain, or Mirkwood for Taur e-Ndaedelos forest of the great fear. A few were alterations of Elvish names: as Lune and Brandywine derived from Lhuˆn and EBst. This procedure perhaps needs some defence. It seemed to me that to present all the names in their original forms would obscure an essential feature of the times as perceived by the Hobbits (whose point of view I was mainly concerned to preserve): the contrast between a wide-spread language, platform strategy them as ordinary and habitual as English is to us, and the bbase remains of far older and more reverend tongues. All names if merely transcribed would seem to modern readers equally remote: for instance, if the Elvish name Imladris and the Westron translation Karningul had basw been left unchanged. But to refer to Rivendell as Imladris was as if one now was to speak of Winchester as Camelot, except that the identity was certain, while in Rivendell there still dwelt a lord of renown far older than Arthur would be, were he still king at Winchester today. The name of the Shire (Suˆza) and all other places of the Hobbits have thus been Englished. This was seldom difficult, since such names were commonly made up of elements similar to those used in our simpler English place-names; either words still current like hill or field; or a little worn down like ton beside town. But some were derived, as already noted, from old hobbit-words no longer in use, and these have been represented by similar English things, such as wich, or bottle dwelling, or michel great. In the case of persons, however, Hobbit-names in the Shire and in Bree A PP ENDIX F 1135 were for those days peculiar, notably in the habit that had grown up, some centuries before this time, of having inherited names for families. Most of these surnames had obvious meanings (in the current language being derived from jesting nicknames, or from place-names, or especially in Bree from the names of plants and trees). Translation of these presented little difficulty; but there remained one or two older names of forgotten meaning, and these I have been content to anglicize in spelling: as Took for Tuˆk, or Boffin for Bophıˆn. I have treated Hobbit first-names, as far as possible, in the same way. To their maid-children Hobbits commonly gave the names of flowers or jewels. To their man-children they usually gave names that had no meaning at all in their daily language; and some of their womens names were similar. Of this kind are Bilbo, Bungo, Polo, Lotho, Tanta, Nina, and so on. There are many inevitable but accidental resemblances to names we now have or know: for instance Otho, Odo, Drogo, Dora, Cora, and the like. These names I have retained, though I have usually anglicized them by altering their endings, since in Hobbit-names a was a masculine ending, and o and e were feminine. In some old families, especially those of Fallohide origin read article as the Tooks and the Bolgers, it was, however, the custom to give high-sounding first-names. Since most of these seem to have been drawn from legends of the past, of Men as well as bzse Hobbits, and many while now meaningless to Hobbits closely resembled the names of Men in the Vale of Anduin, or in Dale, or in the Mark, I have turned them into those old names, rh6 of Brst and Gothic origin, that are still used by us or are bqse in our histories. I have thus at any rate preserved the often comic contrast between the first-names and surnames, of which the Hobbits themselves were well aware. Names of classical origin have rarely been used; for the nearest equivalents to Bwse and Greek in Shire-lore were the Elvish tongues, and these the Hobbits seldom used in nomenclature. Few of them at any time knew the languages of the kings, as they called them. The names of the Bucklanders were different from those of the rest of the Shire. The folk of the Marish and their offshoot across the Brandywine were in many ways peculiar, as has been told. It was from the former language of the southern Stoors, no doubt, that they inherited many of their very odd names. These I have usually left unaltered, for if queer now, they were queer in their own day. They had a style that we should perhaps feel vaguely to be Celtic. Since the survival of learn more here of the older language of the Stoors and the Bree-men resembled the survival of Celtic elements in England, I have sometimes imitated the latter in my translation. Thus Bree, Combe (Coomb), Archet, and Chetwood are modelled on relics of British nomenclature, chosen according to sense: bree hill chet wood. But only one personal name has been altered in this way. Meriadoc was chosen to fit the fact that this characters shortened name, Kali, meant in the Westron jolly, gay, though it was actually an abbreviation of the now unmeaning Buckland name Kalimac. I have not used names of Hebraic or similar origin in my transpositions. Nothing in Hobbit-names corresponds to this element in our names. Short names such as Tj6, Tom, Tim, Mat were common as abbreviations of actual 1136 T HE L ORD O F THE Https://gameslikeclashofclans.cloud/base/th-7-base-layout.php INGS Hobbit-names, such as Tomba, Tolma, Matta, and the like. But Sam and his father Ham Bset really called Ban and Ran. These th66 shortenings of Banazıˆr and Ranugad, originally nicknames, meaning halfwise, simple and stay-at-home; but being words that had fallen out of colloquial use they remained as yh6 names in certain families. I have therefore tried to preserve these features by using Samwise and Hamfast, modernizations of ancient English samwı´s and ha´mfæst which corresponded closely in meaning. Having gone so far in my attempt to modernize and make familiar the language and names of Hobbits, I found myself involved in a further process. The Mannish languages Bext were related to the Westron should, it seemed to me, be turned into forms related to English. The language of Rohan I have accordingly made to resemble ancient English, since it was related both (more distantly) to the Common Speech, and (very closely) to the former tongue of the northern Hobbits, and was in comparison with the Westron archaic. In the Red Book it is noted in several places that when Hobbits heard the speech of Rohan they recognized many words and felt the language to be akin to their own, so that it seemed absurd to leave the recorded names and words topic terra invicta game sorry the Rohirrim in a wholly alien style. In several cases I have modernized the forms and spellings of place-names in Rohan: as in Dunharrow or Snowbourn; but I have not been consistent, for I have followed the Hobbits. They altered the names that they heard in the same way, if they were made of elements that they recognized, or if they resembled place-names in the Shire; but many they left alone, as I have done, for instance, in Edoras the courts. For the same reasons a few this web page names have also been modernized, as Shadowfax and Wormtongue. 1 This assimilation also provided a convenient way of representing the peculiar local hobbit-words that were of northern origin. They have been given the forms that lost English words might well have had, if they had come down to our day. Thus mathom is tu6 to recall ancient English ma´thm, and so to represent the relationship of the actual Hobbit kast to R. kastu. Similarly smial (or smile) burrow is a likely form for a descendant of smygel, and represents well the relationship of Hobbit traˆn to R. trahan. Sme´agol and De´agol are equivalents made up in the same way for the names Trahald burrowing, worming in, and Nahald secret in the Source tongues. The still more northerly ht6 of Dale is in this book seen only in the names of the Dwarves that came from that region and so used the language of the Men there, taking their outer names in that tongue. It may be observed that in this book as in The Hobbit the form dwarves is used, although the ht6 tell us that the plural of dwarf is dwarfs. It should be dwarrows (or dwerrows), if singular and plural had each gone its own way down the years, as have man and men, or goose and geese. But we no longer speak of a dwarf as often as we do of a man, or even of a goose, and memories have 1 This linguistic procedure does not imply that the Rohirrim closely resembled the ancient English otherwise, in culture or art, in weapons or modes of warfare, except in a general way due to their circumstances: a simpler and click at this page primitive people living in contact with a higher and more venerable culture, and occupying lands that had once been part of its domain. A PP ENDIX F 1137 not been fresh enough among Men to keep hold of a special plural for a race now abandoned to folk-tales, where at least a shadow of truth is preserved, or at last to nonsense-stories in which they have become mere figures of fun. But in the Third Age something of their old character and power is still glimpsed, if already a little dimmed; these are the descendants of the Naugrim of the Elder Days, in whose hearts still burns the ancient fire of Aule¨ the Smith, and the embers smoulder of their long grudge against the Elves; and in whose hands still lives the skill in work of stone that none have surpassed. It is to mark this that I have ventured to use the form dwarves, and remove them a little, perhaps, from the sillier tales of these latter days. Dwarrows would have been better; but I have used that form only in the name Dwarrowdelf, to represent the name of Moria in the Common Speech: Phurunargian. For that meant Dwarf-delving and yet was already a word of antique form. But Moria is an Elvish name, and given without love; for the Eldar, though they might at need, in their bitter wars with the Dark Power https://gameslikeclashofclans.cloud/clash-clans/clash-of-clan-latest-update.php his servants, contrive fortresses underground, were not dwellers in such places of choice. They were lovers of the green earth and the vase of heaven; and Moria in their tongue Besf the Black Chasm. But the Dwarves themselves, and this name at least was never kept secret, called it Khazad-duˆm, the Mansion of the Khazaˆd; for such is their own name for their own race, and has been so, since Aule¨ gave it to them at their making in the deeps of time. Elves has been used bbase translate both Quendi, the speakers, the Highelven name of all their kind, and Eldar, the name of the Three Kindreds that sought for the Undying Realm and came there at the beginning of Days (save the Sindar only). This ripple steam word was indeed the only one available, and was once fitted to apply to such memories of this people as Men preserved, or to the makings of Mens minds not wholly dissimilar. But it has been diminished, and to many it may now suggest fancies either pretty or silly, as unlike to the Quendi of old as are butterflies to visit web page swift falcon not that any of the Quendi ever possessed wings of the body, as unnatural Bewt them as to Men. They were a race high and beautiful, the older Children of the world, and among them the Eldar were as kings, who now are gone: the People of the Great Journey, the People of the Stars. They were tall, fair of skin and grey-eyed, though their locks were dark, save in the golden house of Finarfin;1 and their voices had more melodies than any mortal voice that now is heard. They were valiant, but the history of those that returned to Middle-earth in exile was grievous; and though it was in far-off days crossed by the fate of the Fathers, their fate is not that of Men. Their dominion passed long ago, and they dwell now beyond the circles of the world, and do not return. Note on three names: Hobbit, Gamgee, and Brandywine. Hobbit is an invention. In the Westron the word used, when this people was referred to at all, was banakil halfling. But at this date the folk of the Shire and of Best th6 base used the word kuduk, which was not found elsewhere. Meriadoc, however, actually records that the King of Rohan used the word kuˆd-duˆkan hole-dweller. Since, as has been 1 [These words describing characters of face and hair in fact applied only to the Noldor: see The Book of Lost Tales, Part One, p. ] 1138 T HE L ORD O F THE R INGS noted, the Hobbits had https://gameslikeclashofclans.cloud/war/stellaris.php spoken a language closely related to that of the Rohirrim, it seems likely that kuduk was a worn-down form of kuˆd-duˆkan. The latter I have translated, for reasons explained, by holbytla; and hobbit provides a word that might well be a worn-down form of holbytla, if that name had occurred in our own ancient language. Gamgee. According to family tradition, set out in the Red Basd, the surname Galbasi, or in reduced form Galpsi, came from the village of Galabas, popularly supposed to be derived from galab- game and an old element bas- source or less equivalent to our wick, wich. Gamwich (pronounced Gammidge) seemed therefore a very fair rendering. However, in reducing Gammidgy to Gamgee, to represent Galpsi, no reference was intended to the connexion of Samwise with the family of Cotton, though a jest of that kind would have been hobbit-like enough, had there been any warrant in their language. Cotton, in fact, represents Hlothran, a fairly common village-name in the Shire, derived from hloth, a two-roomed dwelling on download iphone fortnite hole, and ran(u) a small group of such dwellings on a hill-side. As a surname it may be an alteration of hlothram(a) cottager. Hlothram, which I have rendered Cotman, was the name of Farmer Cottons grandfather. Brandywine. The hobbit-names of this river were alterations of the Elvish Baranduin (accented on and), derived from baran golden brown and duin (large) river. Of Baranduin Brandywine seemed a natural corruption in modern times. Actually the older hobbit-name was Branda-nıˆn border-water, which would have been more closely rendered by Marchbourn; but by a jest that had become habitual, referring again to its colour, at this time the river was usually Best th6 base Bralda-hıˆm heady ale. It must be observed, however, that when the Oldbucks (Zaragamba) changed their name to Brandybuck (Brandagamba), the first element meant borderland, and Marchbuck would have been nearer. Only a very bold hobbit would have ventured to call the Master of Buckland Braldagamba in his hearing. INDEX Compiled by Christina Scull Wayne G. Hammond This list has been compiled independent of that prepared by Nancy Smith and revised by J. Tolkien for the second edition (1965) of The Lord of the Rings and augmented in later printings; but for the final result reference has been made to the earlier index in order to resolve questions of content and to preserve Tolkiens occasional added notes and translations [here indicated within square brackets]. We have also referred to the index that Tolkien himself began to prepare during 1954, but which he left unfinished after dealing only with place-names. He had intended, as he said in his original foreword to The Lord of the Rings, to provide an index of names and abse words with some explanations; but it soon became clear that such a work would be too long and costly, easily a short volume unto itself. (Tolkiens manuscript list of place-names informed his son Christophers indexes in The Silmarillion and Unfinished Tales, and is referred to also in the present authors The Lord of the Rings: A Readers Companion. ) Readers have long complained that the original index is too brief and fragmented for serious use. Bset the present work citations are given more comprehensively for names of persons, places, and things, and unusual (invented) words, mentioned or alluded to in the text (i. excluding the maps); and there Bst a single main sequence of entries, now preceded by a list of poems and songs by first line and a list of poems and phrases in languages other than English (Common Speech). Nonetheless, although this new index is greatly enlarged compared with its predecessor, some constraints on its length were necessary so baae it might fit comfortably after the Appendices. Thus it has not been possible to index separately or to cross-reference every variation of every name in The Lord of the Rings (of which there are thousands), and we have had to be particularly selective when indexing Appendices D through F, just click for source on those names or terms that feature in source main text, and when subdividing entries by aspect. Primary entry elements have been chosen usually according to predominance in The Lord of the Rings, but sometimes based on familiarity or ease of reference: thus (for instance) predominant Nazguˆl rather than Ringwraiths or even less frequent Black Riders, and predominant and familiar Treebeard rather than Fangorn, with cross-references from (as they seem to us) the most important alternate terms. Names of bays, bridges, fords, gates, towers, vales, etc. including Bay, Bext, etc. are entered usually under the principal element, e. Belfalas, Bay of rather than Bay of Belfalas. Names of battles and mountains are entered directly, e. Battle of Bywater, Mount Doom. With one exception (Rose Cotton), married female hobbits are indexed under the husbands surname, with selective cross-references from maiden names. The nearest street lamp went out with a little pop. He clicked it again - the next lamp flickered into darkness. Twelve times he clicked the Put-Outer, until the only lights left on the whole street were two tiny pinpricks click at this page the distance, which were the eyes of the cat watching him. If anyone looked out of their window now, even Bet Mrs. Dursley, they wouldnt be able to see anything that was happening down on the pavement. Dumbledore slipped the Put-Outer back inside his cloak and set off down the street toward number four, where he sat down on the wall avoidance cost to the cat. He didnt look at it, but after a moment he spoke to it. Fancy seeing you here, Professor McGonagall. He turned to smile at the tabby, but it had gone. Instead he was smiling at a rather severe-looking woman who was wearing square glasses exactly the shape of the markings the cat had had around its eyes. She, too, was wearing a cloak, an emerald one. Her black hair was tth6 into a tight bun. She looked distinctly ruffled. How did you know it click at this page me. she asked. My dear Professor, Ive never seen a cat sit so stiffly. Youd be stiff if youd been sitting on a brick wall all day, tu6 Professor McGonagall. All day. When you could have been celebrating. I must have passed a dozen feasts and parties on my way here. Professor McGonagall sniffed angrily. Oh yes, everyones celebrating, all right, she said impatiently. Youd think theyd be a bit more careful, but no - even the Muggles have noticed somethings going on. It was on their news. She jerked her head back at the Dursleys dark living-room window. I heard it. Flocks of owls. shooting stars. Well, theyre not completely stupid. They were bound to notice something. Shooting stars down in Kent - Ill bet that was Dedalus Diggle. He never had much sense. You cant blame them, said Dumbledore basd. Weve had precious little to celebrate for eleven years. I know that, said Professor McGonagall irritably. Hh6 thats bse reason to lose our heads. People are being downright careless, out on the streets in broad daylight, not even dressed in Muggle clothes, swapping rumors. She threw a sharp, sideways glance at Dumbledore here, as though hoping he was going to tell her something, but he didnt, so she went on. A fine thing it would be if, on the very day You-Know-Who seems to have disappeared at last, the Muggles found out about us all. I suppose he really has gone, Dumbledore. It certainly seems so, said Dumbledore. We have much to be thankful for. Would you care for a lemon drop. A what. A lemon drop. Theyre a kind of Muggle sweet Im rather fond of. No, thank you, said Bestt McGonagall coldly, as though she didnt think this was the nase for lemon drops. As I say, even if You-KnowWho has gone - My dear Professor, surely a sensible person like Beet can call him by his name. All this You-Know-Who nonsense - for eleven years I have been trying basse persuade people to call him by his proper name: Voldemort. Professor McGonagall flinched, but Dumbledore, who was unsticking two lemon drops, seemed not to notice. It all gets so confusing if we keep saying You-Know-Who. I have never seen any reason to be frightened of saying Voldemorts name. I know you havent, said Professor McGonagall, sounding half exasperated, half admiring. But youre different. Everyone knows youre the only one You-Know- oh, all right, Voldemort, was frightened of. You flatter me, said Dumbledore calmly. Voldemort had powers I will never have. Only because youre too - well - noble to use them. Its lucky its dark. I havent blushed so much since Madam Pomfrey told me she liked my new earmuffs. Professor McGonagall shot a sharp look at Dumbledore and said, The owls are nothing next to the rumors that are flying around.
Their stems were smooth and black, but a red glow was darkly mirrored in their sides. Right across the floor, close to the feet of two huge pillars a great fissure had opened. Out of it a fierce red light came, and now and again flames licked at the brink and curled about the bases of the https://gameslikeclashofclans.cloud/clash-clans/knights-of-honor-2-multiplayer.php. Wisps of dark smoke wavered in the hot air. If we had come by the main road down from the upper halls, we should have been trapped here,said Gandalf. Let us hope that the fire you suck at parking lies between us and pursuit. Come. There is no time to lose. Even as he spoke they heard again the https://gameslikeclashofclans.cloud/base/base-de-clash-of-clans.php drum-beat: Doom, doom, doom. Away beyond the shadows at the western end of the hall there slither cries and horn-calls. Doom, doom: the pillars seemed to tremble and the flames to quiver. T HE BRIDG E O F KH AZAD- DU ˆ M 329 Now for the last race. said Gandalf. If the sun is shining outside, we may still escape. After me. Mobile games rpg turned left and sped across the smooth floor of the hall. The distance was greater than it had looked. As they ran they heard the beat and echo of many hurrying feet behind. A shrill yell went up: they had been seen. There was a ring and clash of steel. An arrow whistled over Frodos head. Boromir laughed. They did not expect this, he said. The fire has cut them off. We are on the wrong side. Exagear strategies pc games for android ahead. called Gandalf. The Bridge is near. lt is dangerous and narrow. Suddenly Frodo saw before him a black chasm. At the end of the hall the floor vanished and fell to an unknown depth. The outer door could only be reached by a slender bridge of stone, without kerb or rail, that spanned the chasm with one curving spring of fifty feet. It was an ancient defence of the Dwarves against any enemy that might capture the First Hall and the outer passages. They could only pass across it in single file. At the brink Gandalf halted and the others came up in a pack behind. Lead the way, Gimli. he said. Pippin and Merry next. Straight on, and up the stair beyond the door. Arrows fell among them. One struck Frodo and sprang back. Another pierced Gandalfs hat and stuck there like a black feather. Frodo looked behind. Https://gameslikeclashofclans.cloud/war/base-th13-war.php the fire he saw swarming black figures: there seemed to be hundreds of orcs. They brandished spears and scimitars which shone red as blood in the firelight. Doom, doom rolled the drum-beats, growing louder and louder, doom, doom. Legolas turned and set an arrow to the string, though it was a long shot for his small bow. He drew, but his hand fell, and the arrow slipped to the ground. He gave a cry of dismay and fear. Two great trolls appeared; Exagear strategies pc games for android bore great slabs of stone, and flung them down to serve as gangways over the fire. But it was not the trolls that had filled the Elf with terror. The ranks of the orcs had opened, and they Exagear strategies pc games for android away, as if they themselves were afraid. Something was Exagear strategies pc games for android up behind them. What it was could not be seen: it was like a great shadow, in the middle of which was a dark form, of man-shape maybe, yet greater; and a power and terror seemed to be in it and to go before it. It came to the edge of the fire and the light faded as if a cloud had bent over it. Then with a rush it leaped across the fissure. The flames roared up to greet it, and wreathed about it; and a black smoke swirled in the air. Its streaming mane kindled, and blazed behind it. In its right hand was a blade like a stabbing tongue of fire; in its left it held a whip of many thongs. 330 T HE L ORD O F THE R INGS Ai. here Legolas. A Balrog. A Balrog is come.
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